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Danh sách sao có độ sáng tuyệt đối lớn nhất

Các sao có cấp sao tuyệt đối sáng nhất mà khoa học loài người trên Trái Đất đã quan sát và tính toán được có thể tạm sắp xếp theo danh sách dưới đây.

Danh sách[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]

Key
Ngân Hà
Đám mây Magellan Lớn
Đám Mây Magellan Nhỏ
Thiên hà Tiên Nữ
Thiên hà Tam Giác
Sao lùn Kinman
Tên saoĐộ sáng tuyệt đối
(M☉)		Cấp sao tuyệt đốiKhoảng cách
từ Hệ Mặt Trời
(ly)		Cấp sao biểu kiếnNhiệt độ hiệu dụng (K)
M33-013406.63 (trong Thiên hà Tam Giác)9380000−12.6[1]2380000 - 307000016.129,200
R136a1 (trong LMC)6166000−12.2316300012.2346000±2500
R136a2 (trong LMC)5623000−12.1316000012.3450000
BAT99-98 (AB12 trong LMC)5000000−12.0[2]16500013.7045000
G0.238-0.0715000000−12.0[3]26000
Eta Carinae (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[a]4600000−12.0[b][4]7500−0.8–7.9[5]9400–35200
HD 38282 (R144 trong LMC)[c]4500000−11.9[6]16000011.1147000
R136a3 (trong LMC)4266000−11.8416000012.9750000
V4998 Sagittarii (gần Cụm sao Quintuplet)4000000−11.7[d][7]2500012000
R136c (trong LMC)3800000−11.716000012.8651000
Melnick 42 (trong LMC)3600000[8]−11.6516000012.847300
R136a6 (trong LMC)3311000−11.5616500013.3553000
Sao Súng Lục3,300,000−11.525,1002811,800
G0.070+0.0253300000−11.5[3]26000
Var A-1 (in M31)3200000−11.5[9]245000017.143[10]20,400–28,100[9]
Sao Mẫu Đơn (WR 102ka)3200000−11.526,10025100
VFTS 682 (trong LMC)3200000−11.516000016.152210±2500
WR 42e3200000−11.5[11][e]2500014.5343652
BAT99-33 (R99 trong LMC)3200000−11.4[2]16000011.4528000
LSS 40673000000−11.4[12]820011.6432800
WR 24 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)2950000−11.4[13]82006.4850100
NGC 3603-B2900000−11.3[14]2400011.3342000
G0.059-0.0682880000−11.4[3]26000
WR 852880000−11.4[13]15,30010.0350100
Melnick 34 A (BAT99-116 trong LMC)2690000−11.3[15]16000013.09 (kết hợp)53000
WR 102hb2600000−11.3[16]2600025100
WR 102ea2500000−11.25[16]2600025100
PHL 293B (trong PHL 293B)2500000 - 3,500,000−11.2[17]74,000,000[18]6,000 - 6,800
BAT99-117 (R146 trong LMC)2500000−11.2[2]16000013.116
NGC 3603-A1a2500000−11.2[14]2400011.18 (kết hợp A1a + A1b)42000
LHO 1462500000−11.2260008.7~35000
J004444.52 (trong M31)2400000-11.2[9]25500007000–18000
WR 25 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[f]2400000−11.2[13]68008.8050100 / ?
Arches-F62300000−11.12500033900
Arches-F92300000−11.12500036600
Var 83 (trong M33)2240000−11.1[19]300000016.4018000–37000
HD 5980A[g] (trong SMC)2200000−11.1[20]20000011.721000–53000
HD 269810 (trong LMC)2200000−11.1[21]17000012.2852500
Cygnus OB2-5162200000−11.1500011.84[22]
BAT99-96 (trong LMC)2200000−11.1[2]16000013.76
R136b (trong LMC)2188000−11.116500013.2435000
WR 892140000−11.1[13]940011.0239800
G0.058+0.0142140000−11.1[3]26000
LBV 1806-202000000−11.02800018000–32000
Arches-F42000000−11.02500036800
WR 147[h]2000000−11.0[13]210014.8939800
Arches-F72000000−11.02500032900
Arches-F12000000−11.02500033200
WR 22 A (V429 Carinae; trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)2000000−11.082006.4244700
AFGL 2298[i]2000000−11.25[23]33000
G0.114+0.0211950000−11.0[3]26000
R136a5 (trong LMC)1905000[24]−10.9516500013.7146000
R136a8 (trong LMC)1905000−10.916500014.4251000[14]
Cygnus OB2 #121900000−10.9[25]500011.413700
WR 31a1820000−10.92600010.8530200
Wray 17-961800000−10.9[26]1500017.813000
V2180 Cygni (WR 130)1800000−10.9[13]880012.1444700
HD 5980B (trong SMC)1800000−10.9[20]20000011.945000
V4650 Sagittarii1770000−10.9[27]2500011300
VFTS 506 (trong LMC)1750000−10.9[28]16000013.3155000[29]
R136a4 (trong LMC)1738000[24]−10.8516000013.9648000±58
VFTS 16 (LMC)1700000−10.8[28]16000013.55
Cygnus OB2 #71700000−10.8500012.7
BAT99-122 (R147 trong LMC)1700000−10.7[2]16000012.75
AF Andromedae (trong M31)1600000−10.8[19]250000017.325[10]28000
LHO 1101600000−10.8[16]2600025100
WR 1071600000−10.75[13]13,40014.150100
WR 871600000−10.8[13]940011.9544700
WR 1481600000−10.75[13]27,10010.339800
Arches-F121580000−10.82500036900
WR 102i1500000−10.7[16]2600031600
NGC 3603-A1b1500000−10.6[14]2400011.18 (kết hợp A1a + A1b)40000
AG Carinae1500000−10.3[30]60005.7–9.08000–26000
HD 93129A (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)[j]1480000−11.2575007.31042500
Arches-F151410000−10.62500035600
WR 1311400000−10.6[13]38,60012.0844700
VFTS 621 (trong LMC)1400000−10.6[28]16000015.3954000[29]
LHO 1001400000−10.6260009.435000
S Doradus (trong LMC)1400000-10.016900020000
AB8A (in SMC)1400000−10.6[20]20000012.9 (kết hợp)141000
WR 661400000−10.6[13]10,70011.3444700
Cygnus OB2-7711400000−10.65000
R126 (trong LMC)1400000−10.616000010.9122500
V729 Cygni A1400000−10.65000
BAT99-100 (R134 trong LMC)1400000−10.5[2]16000012.0247000[2]
Tr 27-271350000−10.5[12]8200
R139 A (trong LMC)1300000−10.5[31]16000012.0 (kết hợp)
V729 Cygni B1300000−10.55000
HD 500641260000−10.5[32]95008.2113500
Arches-F31260000−10.52500029600
Arches-F81260000−10.52500032900
AB7A (trong SMC)1259000−10.419700013.016105000
VFTS 259 (trong LMC)1250000−10.5[28]16000013.65
WR 102d[16]1200000−10.42600010.535100
LHO 771200000−10.4260009.635000
LGGS J004539.99+415404.1 (trong M31)1,166,440[33]–10.42,540,000[34]4,485
G0.121-0.0991150000−10.4[3]26000
WR 1581150000−10.4[13]2600011.2444700
Arches-F181120000−10.425000
BAT99-104 (trong LMC)1100000−10.4[2]16000012.563000[2]
Cygnus OB2 #8B1100000−10.4500012.739200
Cygnus OB2 #101100000−10.4500012.7
Cygnus OB2 #22[h]1100000−10.4500012.7
Var B (trong M33)1100000−10.4[19]300000016.208[10]
HD 93403A1050000100007.339300
68 Cygni A1050000−10.3[35]46004.98–5.0934000
HD 93250 (trong Tinh vân Thuyền Để)1039000−10.3[12]75007.5046000
BAT99-94 (R135 trong LMC)1000000−10.3[36]16000014.52141000[2]
HD 2290591000000−10.3[12]3200[37]8.7026300[12]
Arches-F21000000−10.252500033500
BAT99-68 (trong LMC)1000000−10.25[2]16000012.445000[2]
Arches-F141000000−10.252500034500
The following notable stars are kept here for the purpose of comparison.
P Cygni610000−9.759004.818700
ζ Puppis550000–800000−9.010902.2140000–44000
ρ Cassiopeiae~500000−9.634004.1–6.25777–7200
Alnilam389000–832000−9.213001.7027000
RW Cephei295000−9.11115006.523750–5020
VY Canis Majoris270000[38]−9.4[39]39006.5–9.63490±90
Plaskett's star A224000−8.666006.06 (A + B)33500±2000
θ1 Orionis C204000−8.615005.1339000±1000
VV Cephei A200000−9.049004.913826
Deneb196000−8.38[40]26001.258525±75
μ Cephei (the Garnet Star)135000−8.0920904.043551
Betelgeuse126000−8.00[41]6430.583590
Rigel120000−7.848600.1212100±150
Antares97000−7.26000.923570
Canopus15100−5.53310−0.746998
Bellatrix9211−2.782501.6422000
Polaris Aa1260−3.64331.976015
Aldebaran518−0.63650.853910
Arcturus170−0.3137−0.044286±30
Capella Aa7870.4420.084970±50
Vega40120.58250.009602±180
Sirius A2541.486−1.469940
α Centauri A15194.3844−0.015790
Sun (Sol)1004.830−26.745772
  1. ^ Được xác định là một hệ sao đôi hoặc sao ba. Ngôi sao thứ hai cũng phát sáng khoảng 1 triệu lần Mặt Trời nhưng bị che khuất bởi ngôi sao thứ nhất
  2. ^ −11.92 theo độ sáng
  3. ^ Binary system containing two luminous WNh stars.
  4. ^ −11.77 by luminosity
  5. ^ The paper mistakenly lists the bolometric magnitude as −10.5 instead of −11.5.
  6. ^ 208-day binary
  7. ^ Variable, luminosity was five times higher at outburst in 1994.
  8. ^ a b Đây là một hệ sao đôi nhưng ngôi sao thứ hai kém sáng hơn rất nhiều so với ngôi sao thứ nhất
  9. ^ Độ sáng tối đa khả kiến là Biến quang lam sáng
  10. ^ This is a known binary with two fairly similar components, but the exact details of each star are not clear. Although the luminosity of the two kết hợp is around 2,100,000, the primary is most likely nearer 1,500,000 and the secondary about 600,000.

Tham khảo[sửa | sửa mã nguồn]

  1. ^ Humphreys, Roberta M.; Davidson, Kris; Hahn, David; Martin, John C.; Weis, Kerstin (ngày 6 tháng 7 năm 2017). “Luminous and Variable Stars in M31 and M33 V. The Upper HR Diagram”. The Astrophysical Journal. 844 (1): 40. arXiv:1707.01916. Bibcode:2017ApJ...844...40H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7cef.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W. -R. (2014). “The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 565: A27. arXiv:1401.5474. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Mauerhan, J. C.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Morris, M. R.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C. (2010). “Isolated Wolf-Rayet Stars and O Supergiants in the Galactic Center Region Identified Via Paschen-α Excess”. The Astrophysical Journal. 725 (1): 188–199. arXiv:1009.2769. Bibcode:2010ApJ...725..188M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/725/1/188.
  4. ^ Humphreys, R. M. (2005). “η Carinae − The Observational Story, 1600 to 2004”. ASP Conference Series. 332: 14−21. Bibcode:2005ASPC..332...14H.
  5. ^ “Query= Eta Car”. General Catalogue of Variable Stars. Sternberg Astronomical Institute. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2010.
  6. ^ Sana, H.; Van Boeckel, T.; Tramper, F.; Ellerbroek, L. E.; De Koter, A.; Kaper, L.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Schnurr, O.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Gies, D. R. (2013). “R144 revealed as a double-lined spectroscopic binary”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 432: L26–L30. arXiv:1304.4591. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432L..26S. doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slt029.
  7. ^ Mauerhan, J. C.; Morris, M. R.; Cotera, A.; Dong, H.; Wang, Q. D.; Stolovy, S. R.; Lang, C.; Glass, I. S. (2010). “Discovery of a Luminous Blue Variable with an Ejection Nebula Near the Quintuplet Cluster”. The Astrophysical Journal. 713 (1): L33–L36. arXiv:1002.3379. Bibcode:2010ApJ...713L..33M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/713/1/L33.
  8. ^ Bestenlehner, J. M.; Gräfener, G.; Vink, J. S.; Najarro, F.; De Koter, A.; Sana, H.; Evans, C. J.; Crowther, P. A.; Hénault-Brunet, V.; Herrero, A.; Langer, N.; Schneider, F. R. N.; Simón-Díaz, S.; Taylor, W. D.; Walborn, N. R. (2014). “The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey. XVII. Physical and wind properties of massive stars at the top of the main sequence”. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 570: A38. arXiv:1407.1837. Bibcode:2014A&A...570A..38B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201423643.
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  14. ^ a b c d Crowther, P. A.; Schnurr, O.; Hirschi, R.; Yusof, N.; Parker, R. J.; Goodwin, S. P.; Kassim, H. A. (2010). “The R136 star cluster hosts several stars whose individual masses greatly exceed the accepted 150 M⊙ stellar mass limit”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 408 (2): 731–751. arXiv:1007.3284. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408..731C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17167.x.
  15. ^ Tehrani, Katie A.; Crowther, Paul A.; Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Littlefair, Stuart P.; Pollock, A M T.; Parker, Richard J.; Schnurr, Olivier (2019). “Weighing Melnick 34: The most massive binary system known”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 484 (2): 2692–2710. arXiv:1901.04769. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.484.2692T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz147.
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  24. ^ a b Bestenlehner, Joachim M.; Crowther, Paul A.; Caballero-Nieves, Saida M.; Schneider, Fabian R. N.; Simón-Díaz, Sergio; Brands, Sarah A.; De Koter, Alex; Gräfener, Götz; Herrero, Artemio; Langer, Norbert; Lennon, Daniel J.; Maíz Apellániz, Jesus; Puls, Joachim; Vink, Jorick S. (2020). “The R136 star cluster dissected with Hubble Space Telescope/STIS. II. Physical properties of the most massive stars in R136”. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 499 (2): 1918. arXiv:2009.05136. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.499.1918B. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2801.
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